Product category organization Menu

Product category organization Menu

Product Categories

Product categories are essential for organizing and navigating through a menu of various items. They help customers easily locate the products they are looking for and make the overall shopping experience more efficient. By grouping similar products together under specific categories, it becomes much simpler for customers to find what they need without having to sift through a long list of options.


For example, a clothing store may have product categories such as tops, bottoms, dresses, shoes, and accessories. This way, customers can quickly narrow down their search based on the type of item they are interested in purchasing. Similarly, a grocery store may have categories like fruits and vegetables, dairy products, meats, and pantry staples to streamline the shopping process.


Having well-defined product categories not only benefits customers but also helps businesses effectively manage their inventory and track sales data. By analyzing which categories are performing well and which ones may need improvement, companies can make informed decisions about their product offerings and marketing strategies.


In conclusion, product categories play a crucial role in organizing menus and creating an intuitive shopping experience for customers. They simplify the browsing process, improve customer satisfaction, and contribute to the overall success of a business.

When organizing product categories in a menu, it is important to consider the use of subcategories. Subcategories help to further organize and streamline the menu, making it easier for customers to navigate and find what they are looking for.


By dividing products into subcategories, such as clothing into tops, bottoms, and accessories, or food into appetizers, entrees, and desserts, you create a more user-friendly experience for your customers. This not only helps them find what they need quickly but also enhances their overall shopping or dining experience.


Subcategories also allow for better organization of products within each category. For example, within the "tops" category for clothing, you can further break it down into subcategories like t-shirts, sweaters, and blouses. This makes it easier for customers to locate specific items and increases the likelihood of them making a purchase.


In conclusion, incorporating subcategories into your product category organization menu is essential for creating a user-friendly experience for your customers. It helps streamline navigation, improves organization within categories, and ultimately enhances the overall shopping or dining experience.

Filters and Sorting Options

When browsing through a product category menu, filters and sorting options are essential tools that help users find exactly what they are looking for. Filters allow customers to narrow down their search by specific criteria such as price range, brand, size, color, and more. This helps eliminate items that do not meet their requirements, making the shopping experience more efficient and enjoyable.


Sorting options come into play once the initial filtering has been done. Users can organize products based on factors like price (low to high or high to low), popularity, newest arrivals, and customer ratings. This feature enables customers to quickly compare different products and make informed decisions about which item best suits their needs.


Together, filters and sorting options create a user-friendly interface that streamlines the browsing process and ensures that customers are presented with relevant results. By providing these tools in a product category menu, businesses can enhance the overall shopping experience and increase customer satisfaction.

 

There are many types of e-commerce models, based on market segmentation, that can be used to conducted business online. The 6 types of business models that can be used in e-commerce include:[1] Business-to-Consumer (B2C), Consumer-to-Business (C2B), Business-to-Business (B2B), Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C), Business-to-Administration (B2A), and Consumer-to-Administration

Business-to-business (B2B)

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B2B e-commerce refers to the sale of goods or services between businesses via an online sales portal.[2] While sometimes the buyer is the end user, often the buyer resells to the consumer.[3] This type of e-commerce typically applies to the relationship between producers and wholesalers; it may additionally remain applied to the relationship between the producers or the wholesalers and the retailers themselves.[2] However, the same relationship can also occur between service providers and business organizations.[4] B2B typically requires more venture capital and a longer sales cycle, but results in higher order value and more recurring purchases.[3][5]

As newer generations become decision makers in business, B2B ecommerce will become more important. In 2015, Google found that close to half of B2B buyers were millennials—nearly double the amount reported in 2012.[3]

Examples of this model are ExxonMobil Corporation, the Chevron Corporation, Boeing, and Archer-Daniels-Midland. These businesses have custom, enterprise ecommerce platforms that work directly with other businesses in a closed environment.[5]

The advantages of B2B e-commerce include:[6]

  • Convenience: While companies can sell through physical storefronts or take transactions by phone, B2B commerce often takes place online, where companies advertise their products and services, allow for demonstrations and make it easy to place bulk orders. Sellers also benefit from efficient order processing thanks to this digital transaction model.
  • Higher profits: B2B companies often sell their items in wholesale quantities, allowing buyers to receive a good deal and restock less often. Larger order numbers lead to higher potential sales and additional profits for B2B sellers. At the same time, the ease of advertising to other businesses through B2B websites can help cut marketing costs and boost conversion rates.
  • Huge market potential: From business software and consulting services to bulk materials and specialized machinery, B2B sellers can target a large market of companies across industries. At the same time, they have the flexibility of specializing in an area like technology to become a leader in the field.
  • Improved security: Since contracts are a common part of B2B commerce, there's some security for both buyers and sellers in that there's less concern that one will pay and the other will deliver goods as promised. Since sales usually get tracked digitally, it's also more secure in that B2B sellers can track and monitor their financial results.

The disadvantages of B2B e-commerce include:[6]

  • More complex setup process: Getting started as a B2B retailer takes work to figure out how to get customers who stay dedicated and make large-enough orders. This often requires thorough research to advertise to potential businesses, set up a custom ordering system and adapt quickly when sales are underwhelming;
  • Limits to sales: While B2B companies can sell a lot, they do miss out on potential sales to individual customers. The smaller pool of business buyers and the need to negotiate contracts can put some limits on profits, especially when the company loses key buyers to other competitors;
  • Need for B2B sellers to stand out: At the same time, the B2B market has many companies competing and selling similar products and services. Sellers often need to cut prices and find special ways to grab companies' attention to succeed in the market;
  • Special ordering experience needed: B2B companies selling online need to put much effort into designing a website and ordering system that buyers find easy to use. This means presenting product and service information clearly, offering online demos or consultations and using order forms with appropriate options for quantities and any special customization needed.
  • Complex payment process: B2B online payment solutions are both time-consuming and expensive for both parties. The buyer has to be credit checked, they'll often negotiate payment terms and trade discounts and the business will manually have to create a custom invoice.[7]

Business-to-consumer (B2C)

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Business-to-consumer (B2C), or direct-to-consumer, is the most common e-commerce model. It deals in electronic business relationships between businesses—both producers and service providers—with end consumers. Many people like this method of e-commerce as it allows them to shop around for the best prices, read customer reviews, and often find different products that they would not otherwise be exposed to in the physical retail world. This e-commerce category also enables businesses to develop a more personalized relationship with their customers.[2]

Anything one buys online as a consumer is done as part of a B2C transaction. The decision-making process for a B2C purchase is much shorter than a business-to-business (B2B) purchase, especially for items that have a lower value, thus having a shorter sales cycle. B2C businesses therefore typically spend less marketing dollars to make a sale but also have a lower average order value and less recurring orders than their B2B counterparts. B2C innovators have leveraged technology like mobile apps, native advertising and re-marketing to market directly to their customers and make their lives easier in the process.[3]

Examples of B2C businesses are everywhere: exclusively-online retailers include Newegg, Overstock.com, Wish, and ModCloth. Major B2C-model brick-and-mortar businesses include Staples, WalMart, Target, REI, and Gap.[5]

The advantages of B2C e-commerce include:[8]

  • Unlimited marketplace: The marketplace is unlimited, enabling the customers to explore and shop at their convenience. We can check on the desired product from home, offices and anywhere else without any time restrictions. Products can be purchased from around the world. It represents the breaking of international barriers, giving people the opportunity to purchase products virtually;
  • Lower costs of doing business: B2C has reduced several business components including employees, purchasing cost, mailing confirmations, phone calls, data entry and the requirement for opening stores with physical existence. This has reduced transaction costs for customers;
  • Business administration made easier: It has made it easier to record store inventory, shipment, logs and overall business transactions compared with traditional methods of business administration. These calculations are now occurring automatically. Moreover, real-time updates can be provided, through which any issues can be flagged;
  • More efficient business relationships: Building new and improved associations with the dealers and suppliers;
  • Workflow automation: This process enables the shipping of products in a timely manner. Furthermore, it automatically adjusts stock levels and figures out location availability. It includes highly reliable security systems, with step by step verification, account entry and admiration mode to look after business transactions. The third-party direct sales are backed up with familiar banking and accounting features that enable businesses to reach out to vendors and perform internal business transactions accordingly.

The disadvantages of B2C e-commerce include:[8]

  • Infrastructure: Even though the internet enables reaching a huge, international pool of customers, many still do not have access to the internet;
  • Competition: Competition is severe. There are certain companies that have managed to maintain sizeable market shares giving them a chance to survive in the long run. New and improved products must be rolled out consistently to secure customers;
  • Limited product exposure: Despite rewarding the customers with ease-of-access and a unique level of flexibility for choosing products, e-commerce has restricted product exposure for buyers over the internet. Most websites would not allow customers to go beyond the glamorous product images and their descriptions at the time of purchasing the product. It gives consumers the idea that e-commerce supports ‘limited product exposure', which is why some products disappoint customers at the time of shipment and are sent back to companies immediately.

Consumer-to-business (C2B)

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Consumer-to-business (C2B) e-commerce is when a consumer makes their services or products available for companies to purchase.[2] The competitive edge of the C2B e-commerce model is in its pricing for goods and services. This approach includes reverse auctions, in which customers name the price for a product or service they wish to buy. Another form of C2B occurs when a consumer provides a business with a fee-based opportunity to market the business's products on the consumer's blog.[9]

For instance, food companies may ask food bloggers to include a new product in a recipe and review it for readers of their blogs. YouTube reviews may be incentivized by free products or direct payment. This could also include paid advertisement space on the consumer website. Google Adwords/Adsense has enabled this kind of relationship by simplifying the process in which bloggers can be paid for ads. Services such as Amazon Affiliates allow website owners to earn money by linking to a product for sale on Amazon. Examples of C2B include: a graphic designer customizing a company logo, or a photographer taking photos for an e-commerce website.[2]

The C2B model has flourished in the internet age because of ready access to consumers who are "plugged in" to brands. Where the business relationship was once strictly one-directional, with companies pushing services and goods to consumers, the new bi-directional network has allowed consumers to become their own businesses. Reductions in the cost of technologies such as video cameras, high-quality printers, and Web development services give consumers access to tools for promotion and communication that were once limited to large companies. As a result, both consumers and businesses can benefit from the C2B model.[9]

The disadvantages of C2B transactions are that one must be well-versed in web design to create such a website and the amount of money earned is far less than what could be earned by selling the mortgage directly to the consumer instead.[10] The advantages of C2B can be expressed through an example: The C2B website thefreemortgagecalculator.com offers a LendingTree advertisement at the top of the page. The advantage of this website is that the owner does not have to sell mortgages, meet with customers, or pay for everyday business operation expenses in order to make money. If the LendingTree advertisement is used by a visitor, the website owner gets paid a commission from LendingTree for the lead.[10]

Consumer to consumer (C2C)

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Consumer-to-consumer (C2C), or customer-to-customer, represents a market environment where one customer purchases goods from another customer using a third-party business or platform to facilitate the transaction.

In this case, the third-party platform typically earns their money by charging transaction or listing fees.[11][3] These businesses benefit from self-propelled growth by motivated buyers and sellers, but face a key challenge in quality control and technology maintenance.[3] Another customers’ benefit is the competition for products. Customers may often find items that are difficult to locate elsewhere. Also, margins can be higher than traditional pricing methods for sellers as there are minimal costs due to the absence of retailers or wholesalers.[11]

Opening a C2C site takes careful planning.[5] Examples of C2C include Craigslist and eBay, who pioneered this model in the early days of the internet.[3] Generally, transactions in this model occur via online platforms (such as PayPal), but often are conducted using social-media networks (e.g., Facebook marketplace) and websites (Craigslist).[2]

The advantages of C2C include:[citation needed]

  • Availability: It is always available so consumers can shop on demand;
  • Websites are updated regularly;
  • Higher profitability: Consumers selling products directly to other consumers can achieve higher profits;
  • Low transaction cost: Selling via online platforms is much cheaper than the costs incurred on having physical store space;
  • Direct relationship: Customers can directly contact sellers without having to go through an intermediary.

The disadvantages of C2C include:[citation needed]

  • Payment may be less secure;
  • Security issues: There could be theft due to scammers falsely impersonating well known C2C sites;
  • Lack of quality control of products.

Business to administration (B2A)

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Business-to-administration (B2A), also known as business-to-government (B2G), refers to all transactions between companies and public administrations or government agencies. Government agencies use central websites to trade and exchange information with various business organizations.[1] This is an area that involves many services, particularly in areas such as social security, employment, and legal documents.[2]

Businesses that are accustomed to interacting with other businesses or directly with consumers often encounter unexpected hurdles when working with government agencies. Layers of regulation can harm the overall efficiency of the contracting process, and thus, governments tend to take more time than private companies to approve and begin work on a given project.[12]

While businesses may find that government contracts involve additional paperwork, time, and vetting, there are advantages to providing goods and services to the public sector. Government contracts are often large and more stable than analogous private-sector work. A company with a history of successful government contracting usually finds it easier to get the next contract.[12] One example of a B2A model is Accela, a software company that provides government software solutions and public access to government services for permitting, planning, licensing, public health, and so on.[1]

Consumer-to-administration (C2A)

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Consumer-to-administration (C2A) e-commerce encompasses all electronic transactions between individuals and public administration. The C2A e-commerce model helps the consumer post their queries and request information regarding the public sector directly from their local governments/authorities. It provides an easy way to establish communication between the consumers and the government.[1]

Examples of C2A include taxes (filing tax returns), health (scheduling an appointment using an online service), and paying tuition for higher education.[2]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d Javed, Arslan (3 July 2019). "6 Types of eCommerce Business Models You Need To Know (2020)". Ecomsay. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Wilks, Alex. "What are the different categories of e-commerce?". www.numinix.com. Numinix. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Tyler, Jesse. "Traditional Types of Ecommerce Business Models + Innovative New Ones To Consider For Your Next Venture". www.bigcommerce.com. Big Commerce. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  4. ^ Chen, James. "What Is Business-to-Business (B2B)?". www.investopedia.com. Investopedia. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d DeMatas, Darren (11 January 2020). "5 Types Of Ecommerce Business Models That Work Right Now". www.ecommerceceo.com. E- commerce CEO. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  6. ^ a b Donohoe, Ashley. "Advantages & Disadvantages of B2B". www.bizfluent.com. Bizi Fluent. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  7. ^ "SSS 2020 Author Index". 2020 IEEE Systems Security Symposium (SSS). IEEE. July 2020. pp. 7–8. doi:10.1109/sss47320.2020.9174207. ISBN 978-1-7281-4316-3. S2CID 243279857.
  8. ^ a b "Advantages and disadvantages of B2C". www.study4business.com. Study 4 business. 15 October 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  9. ^ a b Arline, Katherine. "What is C2B?". Business News Daily. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  10. ^ a b Bell, Chris. "E-commerce models". Chris Bell. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  11. ^ a b Tarver, Evin. "Customer to Customers – C2C". www.investopedia.com. Investopedia. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  12. ^ a b Kenton, Will. "Business to Government". Investopedia. Retrieved 28 May 2020.

 

E-commerce (electronic business) describes industrial tasks including the digital buying or selling services and products which are performed on on-line systems or over the Internet. Shopping makes use of innovations such as mobile business, electronic funds transfer, supply chain administration, Internet marketing, on the internet deal processing, digital data interchange (EDI), supply monitoring systems, and automated information collection systems. Ecommerce is the biggest field of the electronic devices industry and remains in turn driven by the technical developments of the semiconductor market.

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